{"id":2907,"date":"2022-11-18T17:55:09","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T08:55:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/2022-11-18\/2907"},"modified":"2022-11-18T17:55:09","modified_gmt":"2022-11-18T08:55:09","slug":"a-superficial-introduction-to-japanese-traffic-signage-for-bicyclists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/2022-11-18\/2907","title":{"rendered":"A Superficial Introduction to Japanese Traffic Signage for Bicyclists"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<p>Japanese roads often have different rules between bicycles and cars, such as <span class='nobr'>a bicycle<\/span> being allowed\nto go against traffic on many one-way roads, or <span class='nobr'>a bicycle<\/span> being prohibited from certain road sections.\nHowever, the related traffic signage can be confusing even for Japanese natives.<\/p>\n\n<p> Making it even more confusing is that certain kinds of situations have different signage in different parts of the\ncountry.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>This article goes into some of the details as <span class='nobr'>I understand<\/span> them (which is imperfect, for sure).<\/p>\n\n<p style='margin-top:60px'>First of all, under Japanese law, <span class='nobr'>a bicycle<\/span> is a <i>vehicle<\/i>, just as <span class='nobr'>a\ncar<\/span> is <span class='nobr'>a vehicle,<\/span> so traffic signs and traffic laws fully apply to bicycles. For example, it's\nillegal for any vehicle, including bicycles, to travel on <span class='nobr'>a sidewalk...<\/span> unless, of course, there's\nsignage or local ordinance explicitly allowing some kinds of vehicles, as is often the case for bicycles on sidewalks. Bicycles are vehicles under the law.<\/p>\n\n<p>(This means, among much else, that bicycles must come to <span class='nobr'>a complete<\/span> and full stop at stop signs, may not cross red lights, must\nyield to pedestrians in marked crosswalks, and must stop at railroad tracks not controlled by <span class='nobr'>a traffic<\/span> light. <span class='nobr'>I know cyclists<\/span> who\nhave been stopped by police for some of these infractions.)<\/p>\n\n<p style='margin-top:50px'>Let's look at some of the basic road signs to recognize as <span class='nobr'>a cyclist.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><b>Signs that explicitly prohibit bicycles<\/b>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n table.signlist img { border: none; width: 180px ; height: 180px }\n<\/style>\n\n<table class='signlist' border='0' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='5' style='margin-left:3em'>\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-roadclosed.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_roadclosed\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>Road Closed<\/b><br\/>to all, even pedestrians.\n<br\/><i>no bicycles<\/i>\n<\/td>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-closedtovehicles.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_closedtovehicles\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Vehicle Access<\/b><br\/>to <b>all<\/b> vehicles.\n<br\/><i>no bicycles<\/i>\n <\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-noentrance.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_noentrance\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Entrance<\/b><br\/>to all vehicles.\n<br\/><i>no bicycles<\/i>\n<\/td>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-motorvehiclesonly.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_motorvehiclesonly\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>Motor Vehicles Only<\/b><br\/>(sort of)<br\/><br\/>bicycles <i>definitely<\/i> not allowed <\/td><\/tr>\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-nobicycles.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_nobicycles\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Bicycles<\/b><br\/>that means you<\/td>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-no-light-vehicles.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"236\"\nid=\"itraffic_no_light_vehicles\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Non-Motorized Vehicles<\/b><br\/>including bicycles<\/td><\/tr>\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-pedestriansonly.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_pedestriansonly\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>Pedestrians Only<\/b>\n<br\/><i>no bicycles<\/i>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Any of the signs above, unless augmented by additional clarifying signage, mean that you officially can't use the road while\nriding <span class='nobr'>a bicycle<\/span> (though in practice things may be different, so don't base your understanding of the\n<i>law<\/i> on what you observe others do).\n<\/p>\n\n<p>For example, consider the two blue signs above: in practice if you ride in a <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>Pedestrians Only<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> zone, it's may be that no one will care, but if you ride\non a <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>Motor Vehicles Only<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> road, you can expect to be stopped very quickly by someone acting in an official capacity.\n<\/p>\n\n<p style='margin-top:50px'><b>On the other hand, these restrict others but not bicycles:<\/b><\/p>\n\n<table class='signlist' border='0' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='5' style='margin-left:3em'>\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-bicycles-only.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_bicycles_only\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>Bicycles Only<\/b><br\/><i>bicycles okay<\/i> <\/td>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-ped-and-bike-only.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_ped_and_bike_only\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>Pedestrians and Bicycles Only<\/b><br\/><i>bicycles okay<\/i>\n<br\/>Common for sidewalks <\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-nomotorvehiclesexceptmopeds.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_nomotorvehiclesexceptmopeds\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Motor Vehicles<\/b><br\/>except two-wheel vehicles<br\/><i>bicycles okay<\/i><\/td><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-no-motorvehicles.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_no_motorvehicles\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Motor Vehicles<\/b><br\/>(sort of)<br\/><i>bicycles okay<\/i> <\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-nounpoweredexceptbicycles.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_nounpoweredexceptbicycles\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Non-Motorized Vehicles Except Bicycles<\/b><br\/><i>bicycles okay<\/i><\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Among the various uncommon signs that impact bicycles, <span class='nobr'>I wanted<\/span> to point this one out:<\/p>\n\n<table class='signlist' border='0' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='5' style='margin-left:3em'>\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-side-by-side.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_side_by_side\"\/><\/td>\n<td valign='middle'>Riding side-by-side allowed<\/td>\n<\/tr><\/table>\n\n<p>Without the benefit of this sign, riding bicycles side by side is <b>illegal<\/b>. If you're in the middle of nowhere and you're\nnot impacting cars, no one will care, but if you ride side-by-side on <span class='nobr'>a busy<\/span> street, holding up traffic behind you, <i>you are\nwrong<\/i>. Some cyclists I've met act as if they own the road and that the rules, whatever they are, don't apply to them. Don't be\nthat jerk. <span class='nobr'>If it doesn<\/span>'t bother anyone, sure, do whatever you like, but if you're going to break the law, at least don't be\ninconsiderate to others.<\/p>\n\n\n<p style='margin-top:50px'>Anywway, all the signs above might seem confusing enough, but it gets worse. Much, much worse.\nHere's <span class='nobr'>a common<\/span> set of signs seen in my part of the country, where <span class='nobr'>a one<\/span>-way road empties into another:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/GTBV7gbdon6sAdxA9'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign2.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"447\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign2\"\/><\/a>\n<br\/><span class='caption'>One Way &middot; Do Not Enter<\/span>\n<br\/>unless you're a bicycle, in which case feel free to enter\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Let's look at the signs in detail:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/vt92qLMPZmDNSXR99'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign1.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"441\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign1\"\/><\/a><\/div>\n\n<p>Generally speaking, traffic signs inform of <span class='nobr'>a restriction<\/span> of some sort &mdash; here we have <span class='nobr'><span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>no entrance<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span><\/span>\n and <span class='nobr'><span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>one way<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> &mdash;\n\nbut<\/span> <span class='nobr'>a restriction<\/span> can be made more specific by additional little signs under it\ncalled <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u88dc\u52a9\u6a19\u8b58\u300d<\/span> (<span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>subsignage<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, <i>hojo hyoushiki<\/i>).\u3000 <span class='nobr'>In this case<\/span>, both\n <span class='nobr'>have the subsignage \u300c\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u3092\u9664\u304f\u300d<\/span>\n(<span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>except bicycles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, <i>jitennsha wo nozoku<\/i>) under them, so these restrictions do not apply to bicycles. This road is not <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>one way<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> for bicycles, and they may travel either direction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some parts of Japan use different signage for essentially the same thing; we'll look at that later.<\/p>\n\n<p style='margin-top:60px'>Here's <span class='nobr'>a common<\/span> sign that prohibits bicycles where most other vehicles may go:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/CSrxPMuQo63Tah5w7'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign4.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"458\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign4\"\/><\/a>\n<br\/><span class='caption'>No Bicycles or Other Non-Motorized Vehicles<\/span>\n<br\/>though disallowed only from 8am to 9pm\n<\/div>\n\n<p>This might at first seem as if it prohibits <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>bicycles and hand carts<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, but on road signage,\nthe hand-cart symbol officially signifies <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>non-motorized vehicles except bicycles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, so the above sign\nreally means <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>no bicycles and no non-motorized vehicles except bicycles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>In other words, it means what in English we would express by <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>motorized vehicles only<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>. <span\nclass='nobr'>So why isn<\/span>'t it expressed that way? Welcome to Japanese traffic law, which often comes across as if Yoda wrote\nit while trying to parody himself. Oh, are pedestrians allowed? Unlikely, because there's <span class='nobr'>a wide<\/span> sidewalk here.\nMystifying. <span class='nobr'>In any case<\/span>, bicycles not allowed.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>Here's the same sign (without the time limitation), and with an additional <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>no pedestrians<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> sign:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/9TK16xZ4BrgxKWw77'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign5.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"432\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign5\"\/><\/a>\n<br\/><span class='caption'>No Bicycles, Other Non-Motorized Vehicles, or Pedestrians<\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The same <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>no bicycles, no other non-motorized vehicles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> sign makes an appearance here:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/ffxtA5WRxMYRePor5'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign6.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"433\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign6\"\/><\/a>\n<br\/><span class='caption'>Lots of Signs<\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>In the top center of the photo, one sign sort of sticking out to the right prohibits motorcycles from using the right lane, and\nthough <span class='nobr'>a bit<\/span> blurry in this photo, our <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>no bicycles, no other non-motorized vehicles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> sign is near it, also applying only to the right\nlane.<\/p>\n\n<p>Oddly, pedestrians are restricted from the left lane but not the right, implying that pedestrians should use the right lane,\nwhich doesn't fit the vibe of this area which is that pedestrians shouldn't be here in the first place. <span class='nobr'>I'm probably<\/span> missing\nsomething important here.<\/p>\n\n<p style='margin-top:50px'>An even bigger restriction &mdash; <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>motor vehicle only<span\nclass='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> &mdash; is used for highways and tollways:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/YNKPkfVV6aRRoHt86'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign7.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"456\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign7\"\/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>In the photo above, the multiple sets of circle-with-a-slash restrictions (one each for <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>no\nscooters<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>no bicycles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, and <span\nclass='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>no pedestrians<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>) placed on the left side of the road are just an extra\nkindness likely placed at this specific location because they had <span class='nobr'>a lot<\/span> of trouble here; the heavy\nlifting is actually done by the small circular blue sign <span class='nobr'>a bit<\/span> farther in the distance:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/YNKPkfVV6aRRoHt86'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign8.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"449\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign8\"\/><\/a>\n<br\/><span class='caption'>Motor Vehicles Only<\/span>\n<br\/>(sort of)\n<\/div>\n\n<p>(The small sign under the round blue one in this case is not one that makes the restriction more specific, but simply spells out that the road is <span class='nobr'>a high<\/span>-speed national motorway, and notes parenthetically that it's <span class='nobr'>a toll<\/span> road.)<\/p>\n\n<p>I added <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>sort of<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> to the <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>Motor Vehicles Only<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> caption above because of quirks in how <span class='nobr'>a Japanese<\/span> legal term is translated to\ndaily English. We'll see details later, but in this case <span class='nobr'>I couldn't<\/span> use this road with my 125cc scooter, even though in common\nEnglish we'd consider it <span class='nobr'>a motor<\/span> vehicle.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Let's see another style of restriction:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/xxJn3jhKj2118sH68'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign9.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"404\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign9\"\/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>The red circle on white with a slash means <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>closed to vehicles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, but there's <span class='nobr'>a little<\/span> clarifying sign under:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/kZ4VHGWxyqFqVteJ9'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-signA.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"433\"\nid=\"itraffic_signA\"\/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>The small sign says <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u539f\u4ed8\u30fb<\/span><span class='nobr'>\u5c0f\u7279\u30fb<\/span><span class='nobr'>\u8efd\u8eca\u4e21\u300d,<\/span> limiting the <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>closed to vehicles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> restriction to just the three classes of vehicle listed,\nwhich roughly speaking encompasses <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>scooters, small farm equipment, and non-motorized vehicles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>. Bicycles are non-motorized vehicles, so bicycles\nmay not enter this road.<\/p>\n\n<p>This may seem complicated, but it's actually much more complicated than it looks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p>Broadly speaking, Japanese law divides all vehicles into one of three main classes:<\/p>\n\n<table cellspacing='0' border='1' cellpadding='5' width='95%' align='center'>\n<tr><th>Legal Class<\/th><th>Examples<\/th><\/tr>\n\n<tr><td valign='top' align='center'><b style='font-size:120%'><span class='nobr'>\u8efd\u8eca\u4e21<\/span><\/b>\n<br\/><i class='subtle'>keisharyo<\/i>\n<br\/><br\/><span class='nobr'><span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span><b>Non-Motorized Vehicle<\/b><span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span><\/span>\n<br\/><br\/>(literally <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>light vehicle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>)\n<\/td>\n<td valign='top'><b>Most human\/animal-powered vehicles<\/b>\n<p>bicycles, unicycles,  ricksha, horse-drawn carts, kick-scooters, parade floats, sleds, tricycles, push-carts, dollies, etc.<\/p>\n<p>(Excluded: wheelchairs, walking aids, and toy vehicles for children are not legally <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>vehicles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> at all)<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n\n<tr><td valign='top' align='center'><b style='font-size:120%'><span class='nobr'>\u539f\u52d5\u6a5f\u4ed8\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca<\/span><\/b>\n<br\/><i class='subtle'>gendoukituki jitensha<\/i>\n<br\/><br\/><span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span><b>Motor-Attached Bicycle<\/b><span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>\n<br\/><br\/><span class='nobr'>Common shorthand: \u539f\u4ed8 <span class='subtle'>(<i>gentsuki<\/i>)<\/span><\/span>\n<br\/>&nbsp;\n<\/td><td valign='top'><b>Mopeds and scooters and motorcycles with a <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>small enough<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> engine displacement<\/b>\n<p>those with an engine displacement of 50cc or less (some parts of the law)\n<br\/>those with an engine displacement of 125cc or less (other parts of the law)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n<tr><td valign='top' align='center'><b style='font-size:120%'><span class='nobr'>\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca<\/span><\/b>\n<br\/><i class='subtle'>jidousha<\/i>\n<br\/><br\/><span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span><b>Motor Vehicle<\/b><span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>\n<br\/>(sort of)\n<br\/>&nbsp;\n<br\/>&nbsp;\n\n<\/td><td valign='top'><b>Non-rail motorized vehicles not accounted for above<\/b>\n<p>cars, trucks, cranes, buses, farm equipment, motorcycles with <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>big enough<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> engines, construction equipment, etc.<\/p>\n<p>(Trains and other rail vehicles are covered by totally different laws.)<\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n\n<\/table>\n\n<p>Each class has a myriad of subclasses, some of which you may encounter on signs.\n\n Let's revisit the <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>scooters, small farm equipment, and non-motorized vehicles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>\nsign from above:<\/p>\n\n<p>\u300c<span style='font-size:110%; font-weight:bold'><span class='nobr'>\u539f\u4ed8\u30fb<\/span><span class='nobr'>\u5c0f\u7279\u30fb<\/span><span class='nobr'>\u8efd\u8eca\u4e21<\/span><\/span>\u300d<\/p>\n\n<ul><li><b><span class='nobr'>\u539f\u4ed8<\/span><\/b> <span class='subtle'>(<i>gentsuki<\/i>)<\/span> &mdash; short for <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u539f\u52d5\u6a5f\u4ed8\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u300d,<\/span> the broad <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>motor-attached bicycle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> class seen above.<br\/>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n<li><b><span class='nobr'>\u5c0f\u7279<\/span><\/b> <span class='subtle'>(<i>shotoku<\/i>)<\/span> &mdash; short for <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u5c0f\u578b\u7279\u6b8a\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u300d,<\/span> <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>small special motorized vehicle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, <span class='nobr'>a sub<\/span>-class of the broad <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>motor vehicle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> class seen above,\nencompassing things like farm equipment and construction equipment that fall within certain maximum limits of size, power, and speed.<br\/>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n<li><b><span class='nobr'>\u8efd\u8eca\u4e21<\/span><\/b> <span class='subtle'>(<i>keisharyo<\/i>)<\/span> &mdash; the broad non-motorized <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>light vehicle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> class seen above, which includes bicycles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p style='margin-top:60px'>Sometimes it seems as if it requires <span class='nobr'>a PhD<\/span> in both language and logic to figure out some signs.  Consider this example from\nmy blog <span class='nobr'>a decade<\/span> ago:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a name='033985' href=\"\/blog\/2008-12-12\/1024\"\n><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/JEF_033985_sm.jpg\" width=\"690\" height=\"462\"\nalt=\"&amp;#8220;No Motorcycles&amp;#8221; Saturday, Sunday, and Holidays All Day Other Than Saturday, Sunday, and Holidays 9am - 7am -- Kyoto, Japan -- Copyright 2007 Jeffrey Eric Francis Friedl, https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/\"\nid=\"i033985\"\ntitle=\"&amp;#8220;No Motorcycles&amp;#8221; Saturday, Sunday, and Holidays All Day Other Than Saturday, Sunday, and Holidays 9am - 7am -- Kyoto, Japan -- Copyright 2007 Jeffrey Eric Francis Friedl, https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/\"\/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Can you figure it out exactly what the restriction is? See <a href='\/blog\/2008-12-12\/1024'>the article<\/a> for the convoluted answer.<\/p>\n\n<p>Here's another example:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic tight' itemscope itemtype='http:\/\/schema.org\/Photograph'><a name=\"i0871\" href='\/blog\/2018-09-03\/2870#i0871' itemprop='image'\n><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/JF_i7p_0871_sm.jpg\" width=\"431\" height=\"575\"\nalt=\"Absolutely-Ridiculous Signage -- Takayama, Gifu, Japan -- Copyright 2018 Jeffrey Friedl, https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/\"\nid=\"ii7p_0871\"\nloading=\"lazy\"\ntitle=\"Absolutely-Ridiculous Signage -- Takayama, Gifu, Japan -- Copyright 2018 Jeffrey Friedl, https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/\"\/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Again, see <a href='\/blog\/2018-09-03\/2870#i0871'>the blog post<\/a> for an explanation.<\/p>\n\n\n<p style='margin-top:60px'>The ones above are convoluted but with some effort those who read Japanese can figure them out. <span class='nobr'>But sometimes<\/span> it's just impossible to understand the meaning without knowing the <i>specific<\/i> rules of precedence and association that dictate what\nparts of the signs applies to what other parts:<\/p>\n\n<table border='0' align='center' cellspacing='10' class='tight'>\n<tr>\n\n<td><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/zn25LavnwUDM8edj9'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-signC.png\" width=\"272\" height=\"400\"\nid=\"itraffic_signC\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<td align='center'>\n\n<p style='font-size:120%'><b>Pedestrians<br\/>Only<\/b><\/p>\n\n<div style='margin-top:20%; border:solid 1px white; padding: 10px'>\nexcept bicycles\n<hr\/>\n5pm-5am\n<hr\/>\nexcept Sundays and holidays\n<br\/>8-9:30am\n<br\/>Noon-1pm\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n\n<\/tr><\/table>\n\n<p>I brought this photo to a police station and had <span class='nobr'>a fairly<\/span>-senior-looking officer explain in detail\nwhat this meant. Later, <span class='nobr'>I happened<\/span> to come across <span class='nobr'>a few<\/span> traffic officers\nmanning <span class='nobr'>a speed<\/span> trap and asked them, and got another detailed explanation... quite different from the first!<\/p>\n\n<p>(All the officers I talked to said that the sign was horrible.)<\/p>\n\n<table border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='5'>\n<tr valign='baseline'><td width='50%'>\n<b><span class='nobr'>Explanation 1<\/span><\/b>\n\n<p>Pedestrians only, but bicycles allowed.\nThis restriction against other vehicles applies only in the evening (5pm through to 5am),\nmeaning that cars etc. can use the road during the day (5am through to 5pm).\nAlso, the restriction doesn't apply during the two short periods on Sundays and holidays.<\/p>\n\n<\/td><td width='50%'>\n\n<b><span class='nobr'>Explanation 2<\/span><\/b>\n<p>Pedestrians only, but bicycles allowed from 5pm through to 5am.\nAlso, on weekdays, these restrictions also apply during two short additional periods.<\/p>\n\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n\n<p>These are <i>completely different<\/i> (!!) and probably neither are correct. <span class='nobr'>If those<\/span> charged to enforce these kinds of signs have no idea what they really mean, how\ncan average citizens?<\/p>\n\n<p>Let's see whether we can figure it out.... (Hint: we can't)<\/p>\n\n<p>The separator line above <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>except Sundays and holidays<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> seems to strongly indicate that the three lines below it (<span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>except Sundays\nand holidays<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>8-9:30am<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, and <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>Noon-1pm<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>) all go together, but the question is <i>how<\/i> do they combine and apply to the\noverall restriction? <span class='nobr'>The double<\/span> and triple negatives make my head spin. <span class='nobr'>Is it that<\/span> the restriction is in force only during the two\ntime slots, but not at all on Sundays and holidays, or is it that on weekdays the restriction applies only during the two time slots? <span class='nobr'>My current<\/span> guess would be the latter, but ask me tomorrow and <span class='nobr'>I might<\/span> come to <span class='nobr'>a different<\/span> conclusion.<\/p>\n\n<p>And then there's that separator between <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>except bicycles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> and <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>5pm-5am<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, making me feel that those lines don't go together and\nthat each applies to the overall restriction independently. That's what we see in <span class='nobr'>Explanation 1.<\/span> <span class='nobr'>But if so<\/span>, why would they use\n<span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>pedestrians only<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> with an <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>except\nbicycles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> modifier when there's <span class='nobr'>a perfectly<\/span> good <span\nclass='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>pedestrians and bicycles only<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> sign? Maybe that's just the way they do things: <span class='nobr'>I came<\/span> across\n<span class='nobr'>a standalone<\/span> <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>pedestrians only<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> with an <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>except\nbicycles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> modifier just today. <span class='nobr'>It makes<\/span> no sense to me.\n<\/p>\n\n<p>All that being said, how does the <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>5pm-5am<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> line combine with the bottom half of the sign? Does the bottom half add to the\n<span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>5pm-5am<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> on some days, or replace it on those days?<\/p>\n\n<p>The relevant Japanese law (around \u7b2c2\u7ae0 \u7b2c3-8(6)\u30a2 in <a\nhref='https:\/\/www.npa.go.jp\/laws\/notification\/koutuu\/kisei\/kisei20170424.pdf'>this PDF<\/a>) says that separator lines may be used for clarification,\nbut it doesn't seem to help in this case.<\/p>\n\n<p>Sigh, I have no idea.<\/p>\n\n<p>For reference, here's a case where no black-separator line is used, but it's clear:<\/p>\n\n<table border='0' align='center' cellspacing='10' class='tight'>\n<tr>\n\n<td><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/rhAHweJCEGkre1929'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-signD.png\" width=\"434\" height=\"400\"\nid=\"itraffic_signD\"\/><\/a><\/td>\n<td align='center'>\n<p style='font-size:120%'><b>NO ENTRANCE<\/b><\/p>\n<div style='margin-top:20%; border:solid 1px white; padding: 10px'>\nexcept bicycles\n<br\/>all day\n<br\/>300m ahead\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n\n\n\n<p style='margin-top:60px'>Here's another example not uncommon in my area:<\/p>\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/VHie9JWtSTKineGT8'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-signB.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"456\"\nid=\"itraffic_signB\"\/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>This is a standard <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>No Entrance<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> sign, with the little sign under limiting the restriction to <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u300d(<\/span>most motor-vehicles except\nsome scooters), but then the parenthetical <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u4e8c\u8f2a<\/span>\u3092\u9664\u304f\u300dremoves all motorcycles from the restriction. So, all motorized\ntwo-wheeled vehicles and all non-powered vehicles (which includes bicycles) can go both ways.<\/p>\n\n<p style='margin-top:50px'>Some Extra Notes<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n\n<li><p>Vehicles that would seem to belong to one category can actually be placed in another, depending on <span class='nobr'>a variety<\/span> of special conditions.\nFor example, a <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>pedal-assist<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> bicycle, which <i>has <span class='nobr'>a motor<\/span><\/i> to assist the user while pedaling, but won't propel the vehicle otherwise,\ncan legally be a <span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>bicycle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> if the motor is weak enough.<\/p><\/li>\n\n<li><p>In the law (and on traffic signs<span class='nobr'>),\u300c\u81ea\u8ee2\u8eca\u300d(<\/span><span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>bicycle<span\nclass='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>) has <span class='nobr'>a specific<\/span> legal meaning that includes specifications on size and on the\nnumber and type of people it's designed to accommodate. Generally, it's what one would consider a <span\nclass='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>normal<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> bicycle. <span class='nobr'>But note that<\/span> a <b>tandem\nbicycle<\/b> &mdash; <span class='nobr'>a bicycle<\/span> designed for two or more operators &mdash; is <i>not<\/i> legally a <span\nclass='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>bicycle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>, so it falls into the general non-motorized <span\nclass='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>light vehicle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> category. We'll see later an example of where this can be an\nimportant distinction.<\/p>\n\n<p>However, each prefecture has its own laws about tandem bicycles, mentioned in short in <a href='https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%A0%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%8A'>this Wikipedia page<\/a>. Tandem bicycles had been generally prohibited on roads until recently, but as of this writing most such restrictions have been removed.<\/p>\n\n<\/li>\n\n<li><p>Electric vehicles of all sorts, other than the pedal-assist bicycle just mentioned (and mobility-assist devices, etc. that\nare not legally <span class='nobr'>a vehicle<\/span>), generally fall into one of the motorized-vehicle categories, all of which\nrequires <span class='nobr'>a valid<\/span> driver's license to operate, and proper vehicular licensing to use on public roads.\nThis (currently) includes even weakly-powered vehicles like electric skateboards, hoverboards, and electric kick scooters, though\nas of this writing the law is slated to change to allow unlicensed use of these kinds of things. We'll see.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n<li><p>The moment you dismount your bicycle and push it while walking, you are now a <i>pedestrian<\/i> and the bike is just\nsomething you have with you. This is <span class='nobr'>a special<\/span> rule that does not apply to most other non-motorized vehicles, such as push carts\nand rickshaw and parade floats, which are initially designed to be pushed or pulled, and so are <span\nclass='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>vehicles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> under all conditions.<\/p><\/li>\n\n\n<li><p>Three-wheeled vehicles are placed into categories depending on <span class='nobr'>a variety<\/span> of factors, including size, whether they have an engine (and how powerful the engine is, and how it is interacted with), maximum powered speed, etc. Depending on these, they can be placed into any of the broad vehicle categories.<\/p><\/li>\n\n<li><p>Trivia: ask the average Japanese person what <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u8efd\u8eca\u4e21\u300d<\/span><span class='subtle'>(<i>keisharyo<\/i>)<\/span> refers to, and instead of\nthe correct answer (<span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>the broad class encompassing non-motorized vehicles, including bicycles<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span>), you'll likely hear the definition\nfor <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u8efd\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u300d<\/span><span class='subtle'>(<i>keijidousha<\/i>)<\/span>, which is <span class='nobr'>a sub<\/span>-class of automobile meeting certain size and engine restrictions that enjoys beneficial taxation and parking, and can be identified by the fact that their license plates use <span class='nobr'>a black<\/span>\/yellow color scheme, instead of the normal white\/green.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n<p style='margin-top:50px'>In some prefectures, bicycles are allowed in both directions on most one-way streets in this way:<\/p>\n\n<div class='ic tight'><a href='https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/ajJbZ3WCaSDxyqg96'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-sign3.png\" width=\"690\" height=\"426\"\nid=\"itraffic_sign3\"\/><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Here, the modifier signs say <span class='nobr'>\u300c\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u30fb<\/span><span class='nobr'>\u539f\u4ed8\u300d,<\/span> which as we saw above are\nthe two motorized broad category of vehicles, meaning that the restrictions do <i>not<\/i> apply to the third, the non-motorized\n<span class='QO'>&#8220;<\/span>light vehicle<span class='QC'>&#8221;<\/span> category, which of course includes bicycles. So,\nbicycles can ride either direction.<\/p>\n\n<p>As you'll recall, in my area the restrictions exempt only bicycles, but here all non-motorized vehicles are exempted. <span\nclass='nobr'>The difference<\/span> between the two are all the other (non-bicycle) non-motorized vehicles, such as tandem\nbicycles, tricycles, unicycles, etc. <span class='nobr'>In my area<\/span>, they are limited by the one-way sign, but in the area\nof the photo above, they can travel both ways. What <span class='nobr'>a weird<\/span> local difference.<\/p>\n\n<p>One last thing to note is the difference between these similar signs:<\/p>\n\n<table class='signlist' border='0' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='5' style='margin-left:3em'>\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-roadclosed.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_roadclosed2\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>Road Closed<\/b><br\/>to all, even pedestrians<\/td>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-closedtovehicles.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_closedtovehicles2\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Vehicle Access<\/b><br\/>to all vehicles (including bicycles) <\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n<tr><td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-no-stopping.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_no_stopping\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Stopping<\/b><\/td>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/i\/traffic-no-parking.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\"\nid=\"itraffic_no_parking\"\/><\/td><td valign='middle'><b>No Parking<\/b> <\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<p>If you made it this far, congratulations; you're ready to ride.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japanese roads often have different rules between bicycles and cars, such as a bicycle being allowed to go against traffic on many one-way roads, or a bicycle being prohibited from certain road sections. However, the related traffic signage can be confusing even for Japanese natives.<\/p> <p> Making it even more confusing is that certain kinds of situations have different signage in different parts of the country.<\/p> <p>This article goes into some of the details as I understand them (which is imperfect, for sure).<\/p> <p style='margin-top:60px'>First of all, under Japanese law, a bicycle is a vehicle, just as a car is [...]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2907"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2907"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2907\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/regex.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}